Essay on Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant...

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The topic of this paper is the debate of whether or not maternal employment has any effect on infant development. Research on this described topic has recently become popular due to the rise of working mothers over the past several decades. Their increasing numbers in the workplace and decreasing numbers as stay at home moms are creating a number of different issues to be studied. The effects of maternal employment are determined by a number of factors that include, the mother’s job satisfaction and drive, amount of work, and the mother’s opinion of quality versus quantity time with children. The main concept at hand here is the importance of an attachment in the first few years as being vital to a child’s†¦show more content†¦Sometime later referring to at least after the child’s second year of life; this is due to research that has also shown that children that began full-time care for 30 hours a week in their second yea r functioned just as poorly as these children whose care was initiated in their first year of life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These studies have been examined by many researchers, each of them varying and being put together a little better than the last after taking in to mind the criticism for each. After Belsky’s research was criticized another similar study was done but also took into account the background information of the child, mother and the family. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was used for these studies which also lead to there being a more representative sample of children. Their research broke up the children, 4, 5 and 6 year olds, into three separate groups so they could be compared on the emotional and social functioning being studied. There were two groups differing by when their non-parental care started, either the first or second year of life, and a third for those children that had mothers that were employed less than 10 hours per week or not at all employed. The results were similar but they did distinguish that a shy child would be more likel y to be affected by non-parental care, having trouble copingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant Development1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of this paper is the debate of whether or not maternal employment has any effect on infant development. Research on this described topic has recently become popular due to the rise of working mothers over the past several decades. Their increasing numbers in the workplace and decreasing numbers as stay at home moms are creating a number of different issues to be studied. The effects of maternal employment are determined by a number of factors that include, the mothers job satisfactionRead MoreThe Legal Basis For Maternity1342 Words   |  6 Pagesforce. A 1994 census indicates that, of married women with infants under 1 year of age, 55% were employed (Bachu, 1995). For those women with young children who are employed, the majority (65%) return to work shortly after the birth of their child, and most work f ull time (Hayghe, 1986). In light of these statistics for maternal employment, child and family advocates have pushed for parental leave legislation and supportive policies in employment settings. Prior to 1963, the fact that women bear childrenRead MoreThe Maternal Mortality Of South Africa Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages2.1.1 Background on the maternal and infant/child health in South Africa There are numerous issues surrounding maternal and infant health in South Africa. The maternal mortality ratio in South Africa is estimated at 156.5 per 100000 live births (Pattinson et al 2012). It is suggested that 60% of maternal deaths in South Africa are preventable (Amnesty International 2014). The three leading underlying causes of maternal mortality in South Africa include: HIV/AIDS, hypertension and obstetric haemorrhageRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginal theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. He believed the process of bonding to have a biological basis as the genes of those infants who successfully sought the protection of a caregiver (from predators and other dangers) will have survived and been passed on. Bowlby also formulated the Maternal Deprivation hypothesis (1953) which is associated with his theory of attachment and resultedRead MoreThe Importance Of Education During Pregnancy995 Words   |  4 PagesConsidering the maternal state has on the formation of the developing fetus (Verny Weintraub, 2002), one can begin to infer that providing competent, birth-centered supporting during pregnancy has the potential to impact fetal development (Gentry etl.al, 2010). We have already surveyed the benefits on doula use in low income, vulnerable populations as showing an increase in birthweight, a factor associated with infant mortality and a reduction of cesarean sections, which impacts maternal outcomes asRead MoreNurse Family Partnership : A Community Health Based Home Visiting Program1491 Words   |  6 Pagessocially disadvantaged teenagers who are first time mothers. These health professionals pay home visits from pregnancy till the children are about two years of age. The aim of this is to improve pregnancy outcomes, health and development of the child and improve the maternal lif e course through promotion of economic self-sufficiency. This program which is evidence based have proven effective over 3 decades and have been replicated in other communities and states with similar goals which has provenRead More child development Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child development is a very important in today’s psychology. That is why it is not surprising that so much research has been developed on that topic. In the article â€Å"Transforming the Debate About Child Care and Maternal Employment† the author, Louise B. Silverstein, presents a very interesting point of view on the history as well as the future of psychological research on child care and influence of maternal employment on child development. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreAttachment Theory In Pregnancy815 Words   |  4 Pageswell as, greater rates of discontinuity among middle-risk groups. Waters et al (2000) administered 12-month-old low-risk infants with the Strange Situation Task in a twenty-year longitudinal study and reported a stability rate of 64%, whereas, Aikins, Howes and Hamilton (2009) via similar procedures demonstrated the stability rate of attachment categories among low-risk infants were only 25%. An explanation for these differences may be due to sample sizes or measurement errors, however the interraterRead MoreIntegrating The Cope Program Is The Work Of Mccubbin And Mccubbins Resiliency Model Of Family Stress, Adjustment1515 Words   |  7 Pagessupporting the maternal interaction from the NICU to the home (Nichols Roux, 2004). The expense of the NICU care creates an impasse of maternal response and financial commitment when the maternal parent holds the insurance for the family and must ret urn to work. This is a challenge for family resiliency and the parent/infant bond through more social support and employer support to maintain family equilibrium (Nichols Roux, 2004; Ramvi Davies, 2010). Gaps in Literature The maternal parent, isRead MoreAttachment Is A Lasting And Profound Emotional Bond1126 Words   |  5 Pagesattachments are formed, they are called ‘subsidiary attachments’ however they do not have the same effect on the baby’s development (Prior, 2006, P63). This then lead to Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory; if there is a malfunction of the maternal attachment or the maternal attachment was never formed, it could lead to severe negative consequences such as a lack of emotional, intellectual and social development of the child, this could perhaps lead to affectionless psychopathy (McLeod, 2007). This theory

Garret Hardins Tragedy of the Commons and Plato and Marx...

Garrett Hardin developed the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons. The basic concept is a giant pasture that is for everyone to have a piece of land and for the herdsman to have as many cattle a possible to sustain the land. This land should be able to maintain itself for quite a long time because of cattle dying as well as the population staying relatively stable. But at some point the population will begin growing and the herdsman will want to maximize their profits by having more cattle, which in return the land cannot sustain. The herdsman receives all the profit from adding one more animal to the pasture so the herdsman will eventually begin adding more cattle, but the overgrazing caused by that added animal will destroy the land†¦show more content†¦Marx says that private property is the product of alienated labor and the means by which labor alienates itself. Marx believed that the idea of communal property could not be achieved in a capitalistic society. But that the abolition of private property was essential for the ideal society. Marx says, Communism is the positive transcendence of private property, or human self-estrangement, and therefore is the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man. It is a complete return of man to himself as a social (i.e., human) being. The transcendence of private property is the complete emancipation of all human senses and attributes.(Communist Manifesto) Plato, in his Republic, outlined a society with communal holding of property; his concept of a hierarchical social system including slavery. In The Republic, Socrates describes the abolition of private families and limitation on private property in the two guardian classes. Plato proposed the communal ownership of property by an intellectual ruling class, to put the welfare of the state above personal desire and moderate the greed of the producing classes. He also describes the living conditions of the guardian classes in the ideal city. He shows the strict limitation on private property as well as all the regualtions the rulers

The Business Skills Development Program - 869 Words

During the last six months of the Business Skills Development Program, the Institute completed its 75 hour-long entrepreneurial curriculum in fifteen Saturday sessions. Twenty-three students registered for the Entrepreneurship Fundamentals course, and ten successfully graduated from the course. Instructional services such as class lectures, guest speaker presentations, and supervised writing assistance all contributed to their completion of a business plan. On the other hand, absences and withdrawals were experienced after the 3rd and 4th day of the class schedule. However, it should be noted that such issues with class attendance and withdrawals are common in an adult educational setting, and are in line with what we have observed with our adult educational program. In spite of absences experienced during the course schedule, these course graduates did a great job catching up with class lessons missed, and were proactive in the writing assistance component of the class; thus, their efforts to continue and completing the course also allowed for each graduate receiving a certificate of completion and small ceremony acknowledging their accomplishments. However, it should be noted that the Institute’s Entrepreneurship Fundamentals course began in spring and ran through the summer. As a result, this schedule duration became an inconvenience for some students but most importantly it contributed to our low class retention. Although students of various skill levels becameShow MoreRelatedRoles And Development Of Mncs880 Words   |  4 Pagesannouncement, SAP unveiled a 3-year program to provide its workforce (for mentoring), its technology, and financial capital (EUR 2 million) to support high impact entrepreneurs identified by Endeavor Global and other non profits in these locations. SAP promotes the volunteering of its workforce in a variety of social projects. For the Emergent Entrepreneur Initiative, SAP employees mentor emergent entrepreneurs on â€Å"technology innovation, design thinking and business leadership engagements.† This commitmentRead MoreDevelopment Of Business Management Aptitude880 Words   |  4 Page ssignificant emphasis upon helping businesses advance their long term capabilities while simultaneously pursuing current opportunities. During its tenure, the firm has achieved a track record of developing and implementing a vast array of successful business development, support services, technical assistance consulting, and training for protected class businesses. As a MBE, SBE, and DBE firm and an industry leader in the contracting, employment and community awareness compliance arena, the LSC team is intimatelyRead MoreLeadership Development : Big Business And An Essential Part Of Many Organisations Human Resources Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership development is big business and an essential part of many organisations’ human resources. In the US, over $15 billion is spent by companies on leadership development programs. But what is the practice about? In this guide, we’ll look at the definition of leadership development and the reasons you should take it seriously. 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An Analysis of William Butler Yeats The Second Coming free essay sample

The Second Coming, written by William Butler Yeats, was published nearly one year atter the end ot the First World War. and during a time when many traditional ideas were being questioned and overturned. Those who lived through the war felt that It was catastrophic (nine million people lost their lives), while still others felt the reasons for going into war were Ill conceived. In the end, many were not convinced that the war to end all wars had actually solved anything. The Second Coming could be viewed as Yeats own commentary on what was thought to be the end of a ying era, and the beginning of more progressive one. While Yeats believes that the upheaval hes deplctlng In his poem Is necessary, recurring, and Inevitable, he tears what It may cost society, and Is very ambivalent about what the future holds. In the first half of his poem, Yeats paints a picture that many can relate to the end times, found in the book of Revelations of the Christian Bible. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of William Butler Yeats The Second Coming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Written in prose, he describes the end of the existing world order, brought forth by death, war, destruction, and chaos. The disastrous event Yeats describes in his poem is toreordained with the image ot a gyre, or wheel. Turning and turning in the widening gyre- (1) literally means that a big wheel Is turning, This wheel could also be considered along the lines of a Wheel of Fortune card In d tarot deck, meant to reflect destiny, fate, superior forces, or movement. In the second line, Yeats describes the chaos around him with the imagery of the falconer whos lost control of his falcon, followed with the line Things fall apart; (3). Falconry, once considered a symbol of high status during the medieval time period, could possibly indicate a shift in social and class structures. The image Yeats may be depicting is that ot a world, which at one point had some kind of order and purpose, was now falling apart and becoming more chaotic. The remainder of the stanza depicts a pandemonium erupting from the disorder, closing with very little hope for a positive outcome as the worlds most insidious people advance through the exploitation of others. In the second half of Yeats The Second Coming, Yeats begins to contrast the apocalypse of Christian theology with sphinx imagery found in both Egyptian and Greek mythology. This comparison relates to the Idea that Yeats was very skeptical bout the outcome to the societal upheaval that was taking place during the early 20th century. In the 300k of Revelations, the apocalypse was ultimately regarded as d necessary evil. One in which the forces of good permanently triumph cwer the forces of evil, ushering in an era of peace where Christ reigns upon the Earth. But just as Yeats begins to consider whether this reckoning will bring forth an age of prosperity as prophesied in the Bible. h‚Â ¬s troubled with the horrific vision ot a sphinxlike deity. This Image was said to have come from splrltus Mundl, or splrlt world, predating the Book of Revelations, and possibly time Itself. In Greek mythology, the Sphinx was d merciless demon of destruction that was said to have guarded the gates of Thebes, testing travelers with a riddle, and devouring anyone who could not provide her with humanity wouldnt actually get to experience a period of growth and progressiveness after the First World War, leaving him to question the purpose of these trials and tribulations, and whether they were all for naught. In lines 16 and 17, Yeats describes a flock of indignant desert birds (17) spinning all about the sphinxlike eity. The word indignant, meant to convey a righteous anger, is being applied to what X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia regard as the harbingers of a new age, as stated in the seventh edition of Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. While Yeats never specified the species of desert bird in his poem, the word desert does hint at its biological classification. Deserts are often associated with death for the reason that so few plants and animals are able to survive its arid conditions. This would suggest that the birds may have been carnivorous in nature, eeding off the dead and putrefying flesh of the disadvantaged people indirectly caught up in the revolution. Perhaps the desert birds are angry because they feel as though theyVe been denied their due compensation. Kept at bay for centuries, these harbingers of a new age may also be seen as opportunists ready to capitalize off of the prophecy they have long waited to see fulfilled. In the last four lines of his poem, Yeats again refers back to Christian theology. Twenty centuries ago, or 2000 years rather, was roughly the same time period in which Jesus Christ walked upon the Earth.