Perkin Warbeck Essay Example for Free

Perkin Warbeck Essay Clarify why Perkin Warbeck stayed a danger to the security of Henry VII for such huge numbers of years. Perkin Warbeck was the second Yorkist actor to the English seat after Lambert Simnel was crushed at the Battle of Stoke in 1487. Between the years 1491-99, he represented a fundamentally destabilizing danger to Henry VII in dynastic terms, mimicking Richard of York, the more youthful child of Edward IV. The accomplishments of Warbeck, which drove him to stay a danger to the Kings security, might be to a great extent sorted into the help from outside forces during this period and discontent existing in England due to Henrys strategies for administering with connection to supporting a legitimate and regarded status both inside his own nation and abroad. While it is conceivable to challenge such an idea of a danger, Warbeck was in the long run executed in November 1499, exhibiting in an advanced setting that the Kings impression of this actor was one of incredible worry for his position. Steven Gunn has proposed that Henry was a usurper and conveyed with him the issues of this title. After taking the English seat, it was unavoidable that Henry would confront restriction to his standard, especially in light of his absence of recognition with English governmental issues and those supporters of the Yorkist guarantee. With the information that Richard III planned John de la Pole to acquire the crown and having just taken on at the Conflict of Stoke to make sure about his position, it would appear to be similarly likely that Henry would be a suspicious character when that Perkin Warbeck prepared for action, and he was unable to foreordain the responses of the De la Pole family, who were to a great extent liable for the fakers. It is noteworthy not just that Warbeck was the second exemplification of discontent inside Henrys rule, yet in addition that political unsettlement had been clear under his ancestor additionally a usurper. Henry is probably going to have dreaded arriving at a similar destiny as Richard III, whose rule had been tormented with doubts encompassing the Princes in the Tower debate and for sure, the dating of his crowning celebration to seem three days before his triumph at Bosworth recommends suspicion existing even before his standard. Therefore Warbeck is best seen in one sense as a non-military danger, being a support of this suspicion through the abuse of Henrys possibly frail position. He helped the King to remember the presence of disappointment inside his own nation and later among outside forces. The rulers had never been seen again and were assumed killed by their uncle, Richard III. Along these lines, there was a prompt effortlessness for Warbeck to abuse the absence of explanation with regards to what had befallen them. While Lambert Simnels guarantee was defective in that Henry had the option to march the genuine Earl of Warwick through London during the emergency, Warbeck was copying Edward IVs more youthful child, Richard of York. Thus this emergency was substantially more genuine, for Henry couldn't demonstrate the presence of the genuine Richard and if Warbeck really was the ruler he mimicked, his case to the English seat would have been better than that of Henry. The danger of Warbeck was expanded by the setting in which it happened those behind the faker had the option to follow a possibly lethal technique by which Henrys position could be destabilized. So as to find out why any actor to the seat would turn into a drawn out danger, the idea of the rulers rule must be assessed. The perspective on Steven Gunn could be developed to keep up that Henrys rule normally had qualities of that of a usurper: in contrast to an innate ruler, he required progressively severe techniques for control to uphold his situation as a ruler. Notwithstanding passing attainders against those associated with the fakers (Edmund de la Pole was fined à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½5000 to acquire a portion of his siblings lands and never acquired the dukedom of Suffolk for his contribution with Simnel) Empson and Dudley incredibly helped with organizing the expanded utilization of bonds and recognisances against subjects. At that point in 1497, Perkin Warbecks powers energized the dissidents during the subsequent Cornish Rising in challenge raised expenses to help the intrusion of Scotland and together, they about took the city of Exeter. Along these lines, it tends to be seen that Warbeck turning into a danger was from a dumbfounding perspective Henry expected to utilize all the more impressive techniques for rule to make sure about his own position and administration than a standard ruler because of his status, however the discontent which such strategies achieved prompted angry people going to the preoccupation of Warbeck. Dangers in military terms from Perkin Warbeck during this period might be to a great extent ascribed to outside help. In fact, Warbeck possibly had concern additionally from honorability, for example, Sir William Stanley, as Margaret of Burgundy, sister of Edward IV, declared him as her tragically deceased nephew. The job of France was essential in causing Warbeck to stay a danger to the security of Henrys position. In 1491, he moved to the French court and was dealt with also to a ruler by Charles VIII, which showed to Henry a chance of an attack the French had financed his own intrusion of England in 1485 to oust Richard III, and the case might have been that this petitioner was authentic. The danger was uplifted by Charles discontent in 1492 after Henrys help of the Duchess of Brittany trying to hold her autonomy from France, while the 1489 Treaty of Medina del Campo with Spain drove the French to empower James IV of Scotland to attack England. It was Henrys attack of France in 1492 which seemed, by all accounts, to be an extraordinary activity as to this faker plainly with outside military sponsorship, his position could be altogether undermined. In any case, in this regard, it must be noticed that the danger was not Warbeck as an individual, but instead the idea of the procedures and those supporting him. He turned into a concentration for French discontent with Henry VII similarly that he had been a Yorkist center in England. A drawn out danger from any actor to any seat can generally be credited to discontent with a rulers rule. Conformingly, Perkin Warbeck was regularly ready to misuse this to enroll backing and increment restriction to the King. Obviously the degree of outside help given to the faker at last was the best contributing variable in undermining Henrys security because of the chance of a fruitful intrusion, however the suspicion and the techniques for rule enrolled to make sure about his line were equivalent elements in causing Warbeck to stay a danger. Interestingly, it is extremely noteworthy that Warbeck was never an essential danger as an individual, however just a solid optional danger behind the remote forces and respectability that bolstered him it was the idea that destabilized the situation of Henry VII.

The Spanish Armada Essays (792 words) - Anti-Protestantism

The Spanish Armada The Spanish Armada The Spanish Armada was an extraordinary Spanish armada sent by King Philip II of Spain in 1588 to attack England. It was incidentally called Strong. During the late 1500's, Spain was the significant global control over a significant part of the known world (Goldman 1). Spain's pioneer, King Philip II, needed to vanquish the Protestants from England and convert them to the Church of Rome. Ruler Philip II additionally had disdain against Queen Elizabeth I, and needed vengeance on the grounds that she had executed Mary Queen of Scotland in 1587 (Goldman 1). Lord Philip II of Spain started the gathering also, development on the Spanish Armada. The Armada left Libson on the twentieth of May 1588. The Armada comprised of around 130 boats. Mediterranean and Atlantic armadas had up to 8,000 mariners and around 19,000 fighters (Collier's Encyclopedia 559). They joined another 30,000 fighters from Spain totaling 50,000 men. The administrators of the armada were Duke of Madina Sidonia, Francis Drake, Duck of Parma, a naval commander named Wear Alvaro de Bazon, and Marquis of Santa Cruz, who had composed the Armada (Collier's Encyclopedia 559). The English and Dutch realized that King Philip would assault, and sent little units under Sir William Wynter also, Lord Henry Seymour to watch the Netherlands Coast (Goldman 1). The English sent 54 of the Queen's best ships to Plymouth on the English Channel to Blockade and devastate the Armada before it left the Spanish Coast. On July 29, 1588, after the awful climate had passed, the Armada was spotted off the Sicily Isles close to southwestern England (Goldman 1). The fight among Spain and the English had started when they previously recognized one another. The two inverse sides initially met off of Plymouth, close Eddystone Rocks on July 31, when three of the Spanish boats were lost (Collier's Encyclopedia 660). The bigger piece of the English armada was at Plymouth. The English armada hassled the Spanish armada however couldn't genuinely harm the Spanish arrangement. On account of new strategies, the English armada beat the Spaniards structure past the scope of Spanish firearms (The Encyclopedia American 327). The Armada arrived at the Strait of Dover on August 6, and made sure about in an unprotected position off Calais. The English additionally made sure about in a position however were compelled to withdraw to watch the limited oceans (Collier's Encyclopedia 660). As the Armada started their attack, they not, at this point had a protected port. The Dutch and English warships traveled to block the armada. This imperfection in Spanish procedure was to demonstrate sad (The Encyclopedia Britannica). Around 12 PM on August 7, Lord Howard sent three ships to consume the Spanish armada. The ships just had time to consume the links. The Spanish boats floated away in alarm and the Fleet's arrangement was totally broken. The Spanish pulled together yet came up short on ammo (Academic American Encyclopedia 151). One boat was seriously harmed while the others were scarcely hurt. The English assaulted again on August 8 preceding the Spanish boat could pull together. The fight continued for 8 hours in a row, and three Spanish boats were sunk while the others were severely battered. During all the fights, the wind speed and waves greatly affected the development of the boats (Martin Parker 200). On August 12, a tempest isolated the contradicting armada close to the Firth of Forth, a cove on the east shore of Scotland, where Lord Howard surrendered his interest (Collier's Encyclopedia 660). Perceiving the intensity of the English armada, the Spaniards went to Spain. The wounded Armada fended off tempests and wrecks lastly returned to the Spanish Port of Santander, on the Bay of Biscay, after five months (Collier's Encyclopedia 660). Just around 60 boats arrived at Spain, the majority of them too harmed to even consider being fixed. The English lost thousands of men because of infection and losses in fight. The result of the fight made Spain less incredible then previously. The thrashing of the Spanish Armada spared England structure intrusion, and the Dutch Republic structure termination (The Encyclopedia Britannica). It denoted the defining moment between the time of Spanish global control, and the danger of Britain to the situation of worldwide power (Goldman 1). The Armada's activity has had recorded centrality as the principal significant firearm fight under sail, and as the second from which the firearm furnished cruising warship commanded the oceans (The Encyclopedia Britannica). The destiny of the Armada gave the English more capacity to some time or another takeover (Collier's Encyclopedia 660). The once incredible Spain was currently perceived as being vanquished. Britain stayed triumphant and incredible, picking up the riches that they once longed for (Goldman 1). The

Writing a Dissertation - Tips to Make it a Success

Writing a Dissertation - Tips to Make it a SuccessWriting a dissertation can be a very stressful time in your academic career. It is important to take your time when writing a dissertation. Below are some tips to help you write a dissertation the right way.The first thing that you need to do is set goals for your dissertation. Do not rush it, otherwise you will not have the time to write a decent dissertation. Plan out all of your time before writing the dissertation. Look at it as a short term project. You want to spend only enough time on your dissertation to get it done the right way.Next, set a time for each stage of writing a dissertation. The longer that you do something, the more likely you are to become bogged down. I have had people spend all day studying for their finals and forget about how they actually spend their time. Set a strict time that you must finish your work and keep on it.When it comes to research and type materials, make sure that you find out what you can ab out your subject matter. Every school has its own rules on using materials that have been approved by the institution. For example, in medical school the professors tend to use the most recent material that they have found, but if you are doing research outside of medical school this may not be true. Check with your professor and make sure that the university you are taking your research to allows for the most current material. This will save you a lot of time researching.Make sure that your personal information is kept accurate. Get a list of your faculty advisor's contact information and start calling them. You want to make sure that you never feel like you are going against the university, because the university has the final say on the content of your dissertation.When you begin looking into schools, remember that all of the professors will use the same word: Interview. While your professor may ask you a question in class, or in an exam, your faculty advisor will most likely be calling you during this time and asking you questions.Always have a list of questions ready. You never know when an advisor will come into your class and ask you a question about your research. The last thing you want to do is to have no notes to help you write a dissertation. Keep a list of questions for your professor and make sure that you have them ready before you leave for the interview.Know that you do not always have to stay in one area for the duration of your career. Ask about hiring opportunities after you graduate. Also, know that there are seminars and conferences that can teach you more about the dissertation writing process. You may need to attend these events later on in your career to learn more about how to best write a dissertation.

Essay on Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant...

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The topic of this paper is the debate of whether or not maternal employment has any effect on infant development. Research on this described topic has recently become popular due to the rise of working mothers over the past several decades. Their increasing numbers in the workplace and decreasing numbers as stay at home moms are creating a number of different issues to be studied. The effects of maternal employment are determined by a number of factors that include, the mother’s job satisfaction and drive, amount of work, and the mother’s opinion of quality versus quantity time with children. The main concept at hand here is the importance of an attachment in the first few years as being vital to a child’s†¦show more content†¦Sometime later referring to at least after the child’s second year of life; this is due to research that has also shown that children that began full-time care for 30 hours a week in their second yea r functioned just as poorly as these children whose care was initiated in their first year of life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These studies have been examined by many researchers, each of them varying and being put together a little better than the last after taking in to mind the criticism for each. After Belsky’s research was criticized another similar study was done but also took into account the background information of the child, mother and the family. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was used for these studies which also lead to there being a more representative sample of children. Their research broke up the children, 4, 5 and 6 year olds, into three separate groups so they could be compared on the emotional and social functioning being studied. There were two groups differing by when their non-parental care started, either the first or second year of life, and a third for those children that had mothers that were employed less than 10 hours per week or not at all employed. The results were similar but they did distinguish that a shy child would be more likel y to be affected by non-parental care, having trouble copingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant Development1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of this paper is the debate of whether or not maternal employment has any effect on infant development. Research on this described topic has recently become popular due to the rise of working mothers over the past several decades. Their increasing numbers in the workplace and decreasing numbers as stay at home moms are creating a number of different issues to be studied. The effects of maternal employment are determined by a number of factors that include, the mothers job satisfactionRead MoreThe Legal Basis For Maternity1342 Words   |  6 Pagesforce. A 1994 census indicates that, of married women with infants under 1 year of age, 55% were employed (Bachu, 1995). For those women with young children who are employed, the majority (65%) return to work shortly after the birth of their child, and most work f ull time (Hayghe, 1986). In light of these statistics for maternal employment, child and family advocates have pushed for parental leave legislation and supportive policies in employment settings. Prior to 1963, the fact that women bear childrenRead MoreThe Maternal Mortality Of South Africa Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages2.1.1 Background on the maternal and infant/child health in South Africa There are numerous issues surrounding maternal and infant health in South Africa. The maternal mortality ratio in South Africa is estimated at 156.5 per 100000 live births (Pattinson et al 2012). It is suggested that 60% of maternal deaths in South Africa are preventable (Amnesty International 2014). The three leading underlying causes of maternal mortality in South Africa include: HIV/AIDS, hypertension and obstetric haemorrhageRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginal theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. 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That is why it is not surprising that so much research has been developed on that topic. In the article â€Å"Transforming the Debate About Child Care and Maternal Employment† the author, Louise B. Silverstein, presents a very interesting point of view on the history as well as the future of psychological research on child care and influence of maternal employment on child development. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreAttachment Theory In Pregnancy815 Words   |  4 Pageswell as, greater rates of discontinuity among middle-risk groups. Waters et al (2000) administered 12-month-old low-risk infants with the Strange Situation Task in a twenty-year longitudinal study and reported a stability rate of 64%, whereas, Aikins, Howes and Hamilton (2009) via similar procedures demonstrated the stability rate of attachment categories among low-risk infants were only 25%. An explanation for these differences may be due to sample sizes or measurement errors, however the interraterRead MoreIntegrating The Cope Program Is The Work Of Mccubbin And Mccubbins Resiliency Model Of Family Stress, Adjustment1515 Words   |  7 Pagessupporting the maternal interaction from the NICU to the home (Nichols Roux, 2004). The expense of the NICU care creates an impasse of maternal response and financial commitment when the maternal parent holds the insurance for the family and must ret urn to work. This is a challenge for family resiliency and the parent/infant bond through more social support and employer support to maintain family equilibrium (Nichols Roux, 2004; Ramvi Davies, 2010). Gaps in Literature The maternal parent, isRead MoreAttachment Is A Lasting And Profound Emotional Bond1126 Words   |  5 Pagesattachments are formed, they are called ‘subsidiary attachments’ however they do not have the same effect on the baby’s development (Prior, 2006, P63). This then lead to Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory; if there is a malfunction of the maternal attachment or the maternal attachment was never formed, it could lead to severe negative consequences such as a lack of emotional, intellectual and social development of the child, this could perhaps lead to affectionless psychopathy (McLeod, 2007). This theory

Garret Hardins Tragedy of the Commons and Plato and Marx...

Garrett Hardin developed the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons. The basic concept is a giant pasture that is for everyone to have a piece of land and for the herdsman to have as many cattle a possible to sustain the land. This land should be able to maintain itself for quite a long time because of cattle dying as well as the population staying relatively stable. But at some point the population will begin growing and the herdsman will want to maximize their profits by having more cattle, which in return the land cannot sustain. The herdsman receives all the profit from adding one more animal to the pasture so the herdsman will eventually begin adding more cattle, but the overgrazing caused by that added animal will destroy the land†¦show more content†¦Marx says that private property is the product of alienated labor and the means by which labor alienates itself. Marx believed that the idea of communal property could not be achieved in a capitalistic society. But that the abolition of private property was essential for the ideal society. Marx says, Communism is the positive transcendence of private property, or human self-estrangement, and therefore is the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man. It is a complete return of man to himself as a social (i.e., human) being. The transcendence of private property is the complete emancipation of all human senses and attributes.(Communist Manifesto) Plato, in his Republic, outlined a society with communal holding of property; his concept of a hierarchical social system including slavery. In The Republic, Socrates describes the abolition of private families and limitation on private property in the two guardian classes. Plato proposed the communal ownership of property by an intellectual ruling class, to put the welfare of the state above personal desire and moderate the greed of the producing classes. He also describes the living conditions of the guardian classes in the ideal city. He shows the strict limitation on private property as well as all the regualtions the rulers

The Business Skills Development Program - 869 Words

During the last six months of the Business Skills Development Program, the Institute completed its 75 hour-long entrepreneurial curriculum in fifteen Saturday sessions. Twenty-three students registered for the Entrepreneurship Fundamentals course, and ten successfully graduated from the course. Instructional services such as class lectures, guest speaker presentations, and supervised writing assistance all contributed to their completion of a business plan. On the other hand, absences and withdrawals were experienced after the 3rd and 4th day of the class schedule. However, it should be noted that such issues with class attendance and withdrawals are common in an adult educational setting, and are in line with what we have observed with our adult educational program. In spite of absences experienced during the course schedule, these course graduates did a great job catching up with class lessons missed, and were proactive in the writing assistance component of the class; thus, their efforts to continue and completing the course also allowed for each graduate receiving a certificate of completion and small ceremony acknowledging their accomplishments. However, it should be noted that the Institute’s Entrepreneurship Fundamentals course began in spring and ran through the summer. As a result, this schedule duration became an inconvenience for some students but most importantly it contributed to our low class retention. Although students of various skill levels becameShow MoreRelatedRoles And Development Of Mncs880 Words   |  4 Pagesannouncement, SAP unveiled a 3-year program to provide its workforce (for mentoring), its technology, and financial capital (EUR 2 million) to support high impact entrepreneurs identified by Endeavor Global and other non profits in these locations. SAP promotes the volunteering of its workforce in a variety of social projects. For the Emergent Entrepreneur Initiative, SAP employees mentor emergent entrepreneurs on â€Å"technology innovation, design thinking and business leadership engagements.† This commitmentRead MoreDevelopment Of Business Management Aptitude880 Words   |  4 Page ssignificant emphasis upon helping businesses advance their long term capabilities while simultaneously pursuing current opportunities. During its tenure, the firm has achieved a track record of developing and implementing a vast array of successful business development, support services, technical assistance consulting, and training for protected class businesses. As a MBE, SBE, and DBE firm and an industry leader in the contracting, employment and community awareness compliance arena, the LSC team is intimatelyRead MoreLeadership Development : Big Business And An Essential Part Of Many Organisations Human Resources Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership development is big business and an essential part of many organisations’ human resources. In the US, over $15 billion is spent by companies on leadership development programs. But what is the practice about? In this guide, we’ll look at the definition of leadership development and the reasons you should take it seriously. 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An Analysis of William Butler Yeats The Second Coming free essay sample

The Second Coming, written by William Butler Yeats, was published nearly one year atter the end ot the First World War. and during a time when many traditional ideas were being questioned and overturned. Those who lived through the war felt that It was catastrophic (nine million people lost their lives), while still others felt the reasons for going into war were Ill conceived. In the end, many were not convinced that the war to end all wars had actually solved anything. The Second Coming could be viewed as Yeats own commentary on what was thought to be the end of a ying era, and the beginning of more progressive one. While Yeats believes that the upheaval hes deplctlng In his poem Is necessary, recurring, and Inevitable, he tears what It may cost society, and Is very ambivalent about what the future holds. In the first half of his poem, Yeats paints a picture that many can relate to the end times, found in the book of Revelations of the Christian Bible. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of William Butler Yeats The Second Coming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Written in prose, he describes the end of the existing world order, brought forth by death, war, destruction, and chaos. The disastrous event Yeats describes in his poem is toreordained with the image ot a gyre, or wheel. Turning and turning in the widening gyre- (1) literally means that a big wheel Is turning, This wheel could also be considered along the lines of a Wheel of Fortune card In d tarot deck, meant to reflect destiny, fate, superior forces, or movement. In the second line, Yeats describes the chaos around him with the imagery of the falconer whos lost control of his falcon, followed with the line Things fall apart; (3). Falconry, once considered a symbol of high status during the medieval time period, could possibly indicate a shift in social and class structures. The image Yeats may be depicting is that ot a world, which at one point had some kind of order and purpose, was now falling apart and becoming more chaotic. The remainder of the stanza depicts a pandemonium erupting from the disorder, closing with very little hope for a positive outcome as the worlds most insidious people advance through the exploitation of others. In the second half of Yeats The Second Coming, Yeats begins to contrast the apocalypse of Christian theology with sphinx imagery found in both Egyptian and Greek mythology. This comparison relates to the Idea that Yeats was very skeptical bout the outcome to the societal upheaval that was taking place during the early 20th century. In the 300k of Revelations, the apocalypse was ultimately regarded as d necessary evil. One in which the forces of good permanently triumph cwer the forces of evil, ushering in an era of peace where Christ reigns upon the Earth. But just as Yeats begins to consider whether this reckoning will bring forth an age of prosperity as prophesied in the Bible. h‚Â ¬s troubled with the horrific vision ot a sphinxlike deity. This Image was said to have come from splrltus Mundl, or splrlt world, predating the Book of Revelations, and possibly time Itself. In Greek mythology, the Sphinx was d merciless demon of destruction that was said to have guarded the gates of Thebes, testing travelers with a riddle, and devouring anyone who could not provide her with humanity wouldnt actually get to experience a period of growth and progressiveness after the First World War, leaving him to question the purpose of these trials and tribulations, and whether they were all for naught. In lines 16 and 17, Yeats describes a flock of indignant desert birds (17) spinning all about the sphinxlike eity. The word indignant, meant to convey a righteous anger, is being applied to what X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia regard as the harbingers of a new age, as stated in the seventh edition of Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. While Yeats never specified the species of desert bird in his poem, the word desert does hint at its biological classification. Deserts are often associated with death for the reason that so few plants and animals are able to survive its arid conditions. This would suggest that the birds may have been carnivorous in nature, eeding off the dead and putrefying flesh of the disadvantaged people indirectly caught up in the revolution. Perhaps the desert birds are angry because they feel as though theyVe been denied their due compensation. Kept at bay for centuries, these harbingers of a new age may also be seen as opportunists ready to capitalize off of the prophecy they have long waited to see fulfilled. In the last four lines of his poem, Yeats again refers back to Christian theology. Twenty centuries ago, or 2000 years rather, was roughly the same time period in which Jesus Christ walked upon the Earth.

Compare and contrast the two worlds of Venice and Belmont depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice Essay Example

Compare and contrast the two worlds of Venice and Belmont depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice Paper The Merchant of Venice is a play written by Shakespeare. It corresponds two very contrasting stories and settings. One of these stories takes place in 16th century Venice and the other from Shakespeares imagination, Belmont. Both the stories have such different settings in them, which Shakespeare deliberately does. Theres The Bond Story, which takes place in Venice and then theres The Casket Story which takes place in Belmont. Both have totally different atmospheres and conflicting stories. Each setting forms the backdrop to two very different stories. The two settings have very dissimilar natures. Venice is a trading city with a thriving community. Venice is the centre of International trade making it a wealthy city. Shakespeare makes passing references to the citys features; Signor Antonio, many a time and oft In the Rialto you have rated me We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the two worlds of Venice and Belmont depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the two worlds of Venice and Belmont depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the two worlds of Venice and Belmont depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer About my monies and my usances He continues; Since that the trade and profit of the city Consisteth of all nations. Therefore go. Belmont on the other hand comes from Shakespears imagination. Belmont is very femininely dominated. Its a wealthy city like Venice. Belmont is a fairy tale world of love and romance, which Shakespeare imagines it to be. It is a harmonious and tranquil city. Although we are not told if it is an island or not, we get passing references that give us a hint it is an island as it is described as a beautiful, opulent mansion; The watery kingdom, whose ambitious head Spits in the face of heaven, is no bar To stop the foreign spirits, but they come This shows the reader that the house must be a luxurious mansion. The phrase the watery kingdom shows it is Neptunes realm. Portia also shows the reader that her house is great; when Bassanio picks the right casket describes her house as this fair mansion. Belmont is the home of the rich Portia. Portia lives in a beautiful great mansion; But now I was the lord Of this fair mansion, master of my servants This shows that Belmont is magnificent, peaceful and tension free. The complete opposite to Venice. There are two main stories The Bond Story and The Casket Story. The bond story takes place in Venice and the casket story takes place in Belmont. Venice is a wealthy, trading city where much business man live. It consists of dramatic, tense events and is a place full of unhappy and unkind people, however it could be said that it also has a vibrant street life. The scenes in Venice mostly take place on the streets. It is very masculine. It is a mercantile risk-taking city. This is where the serious side of the play takes place. On the other hand Belmont is a city, which reflects tranquil, harmonious comedy. The main character of the bond story is the rich Jew, Shylock. He is the moneylender. The other characters in the casket story are Bassanio, an Italian lord who is a suitor to Portia, Antonio, a merchant of Venice. The main plot of the story is, that Bassanio wants to go to Belmont to marry Portia, however doesnt have enough money, so his good friend Antonio wishes to borrow money from Shylock to give to Bassanio to go to Belmont. Yet Shylock and Antonio hate one another; You call me misbeliever, cut throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine This shows that Antonio has such hatred of Shylock. However Shylock lends Antonio three thousand ducats, but for a very harsh price; let the forfeit Be nominated for an equal pound Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken In what part of your body pleaseth me As you can see Shylock is asking for exactly a pound of fair flesh from Antonio, from whatever part of the body he chooses. This makes the bond a murderous one especially between Shylock and Antonio. Shylock wants revenge for the many times he as a Jew has been hurt. This side of the play is dominated by hate. The main themes that take place in Venice are hatred, religious intolerance, revenge, greed and prejudice. This reflects upon the city as being murderous, dramatic and tense. Whereas Belmont on the other hand is a city of Love, marriage, romance and comedy. Belmont is an aspect of the play, which brings the comedy, fairytale romance into perspective. It changes the play from tense and murderous to fun and comedic. It breaks up the dark, horrid features of Shylock and adds gentle, beautiful features of Portia and Bassanio and Lorenzo and Jessica; an equal pound of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken to How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank! This also shows that Belmont is a peaceful, moonlit and calm place to be whereas Venice is masculine and tense. The casket story is set in Belmont; it mainly captures Portia, and her great beauty; In Belmont is a lady richly left, And she is fair, and fairer than that word- Of wondrous virtues. Sometimes from her eyes I did receive fair speechless messages The prince of Morocco repeatedly calls Portia as fair Portia. This shows her beauty. He also says all the world desires her. The comedic features take place in Belmont, when the suitors arrive. Before Portias father died he wanted to make sure she would marry the perfect man so he planed a test. He made three caskets; one gold, one silver and one lead. First came the prince of Morocco, he choose the Gold casket which was incorrect, then came the prince of Aragon, he choose the Silver casket which too was incorrect then finally came Bassanio he choose the casket that was made from lead and that was correct. Bassanio and Portia rejoice, Gratiano marries Nerissa and Lorenzo marries Jessica. The main themes here are love, marriage, romance and comedy. The societies represented in the two settings are very different. The Venetian society is energetic, opulent, full of wealthy confident young men for example; Bassanio, Lorenzo, Gratiano, Salarino and Salanio. They enjoy good fellowship and help each other through life for example when Gratiano and Salarino help Lorenzo elope with Jessica. Another example is when Antonio helps Bassanio court Portia. However they make life intolerable for those outside their group; Fair say, you spat on me on Wednesday last, You spurnd me such a day, another time You calld me dog: and for these courtesies Ill lend you thus much monies This shows that Antonio makes life intolerable for Shylock. This shows that Antonio has been so cruel to him simply because hes a Jew. Venice is a city full of dramatic tensions, especially racial tension; between the Christians and Jews. Shylock says; I hate him for he is a Christian This shows his hatred towards Christians, especially Antonio. They both hate each other simply for the fact that they are different religions; Antonio being Christian and Shylock being Jewish. Belmont is very different to the Venetian society. Belmont is a place of wealth and luxury. Portia lives in a mansion and when the prince of Morocco arrives there, he enters to a flourish of cornets. This shows Belmont is a place of harmony and ease free from the commercial bustle of Venice, and the racial tension. Both Belmont and Venice have different atmospheres, Venice being energetic and exciting. A city full of dramatic tensions for example racial tension, mercantile risk taking, when Antonio borrows money from Shylock in the hope that several ambitious business ventures will produce large profits; Why, fear not, man, I will not forfeit it. Within these two months, thats a month before This bond expires, I do expect return Of thrice three times the value of this bond This shows there is a lot of competition and rivalry, especially between two of the plays central figures Antonio and Shylock. Belmonts atmosphere on the other hand is calm, peaceful, and free from the tensions of Venice; How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank! Here will we sit, and let the sounds of music Creep in our ears; soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony Shakespeare has chosen to set The Merchant of Venice in two very different settings because the play has two very different stories in it. One reason could be to provide a sharp and dramatically effective contrast. Another reason maybe The Venetian setting provides us with the serious side of tension. Conversely Belmont gives us the Casket story, which lightens the mood throughout the whole play, because Shakespeare has chosen to go back and forth from Belmont to Venice. For example the great drama of the court scene just before the plays end is immediately followed by the romance and gentle comedy of the plays final scene, the coming together of the three lovers, Bassanio and Portia, Gratiano and Nerissa and Lorenzo and Jessica. The play finishes in Belmont on a note of love and harmony rather than in Venice on a note of hatred, vengeance and betrayal.

Fun Family History Activities for Family Reunions

Fun Family History Activities for Family Reunions Like many families, you and your relatives may have made plans to get together this summer. What a great opportunity for sharing stories and family history.  Give one of these 10 fun family history activities a try at your next family reunion to get people talking, sharing and having fun. Memory T-Shirts If you have more than one branch of an extended family attending your reunion, consider identifying each branch with a different colored shirt. To further incorporate the family history theme, scan in a photo of the branchs progenitor and print it out on an iron-on transfer with identifiers such as Joes Kid or Joes Grandkid. These color-coded photo t-shirts make it easy to tell at a glance who is related to who. Color-coded family tree name tags offer a more inexpensive variation. Photo Swap Invite attendees to bring their old, historic family photos to the reunion, including pictures of people (great, great-grandpa), places (churches, cemetery, the old homestead) and even previous reunions. Encourage everyone to label their photos with the names of the people in the photograph, the date of the photo, and their own name and an ID number (a different number to identify each photo). If you can get a volunteer to bring a scanner and laptop computer with a CD burner, then set up a scanning table and create a CD of everyones photos. You can even encourage people to bring more photos by offering a free CD for every 10 photos contributed. The rest of the CDs you can sell to interested family members to help defray costs of the scanning and CD burning. If your family isnt very tech-savvy, then set up a table with the photos and include signup sheets where people can order copies of their favorites (by name and ID number). Family Scavenger Hunt Fun for all ages, but an especially good way to get the kids involved, a family scavenger hunt ensures plenty of interaction between different generations. Create a form or booklet with family-related questions such as: What was great-grandfather Powell’s first name? Which Aunt had twins? Where and when were Grandma and Grandpa Bishop married? Is there someone born in the same state as you? Set a deadline, and then gather the family together to judge the results. If you wish, you can award prizes to the people who get the most answers correct, and the booklets themselves make nice reunion souvenirs. Family Tree Wall Chart Create a large family tree chart to display on a wall, including as many generations of the family as possible. Family members can use it to fill in the blanks and correct any inaccurate information. Wall charts are popular with reunion attendees as they help people visualize their place within the family. The finished product also provides a great source of genealogical information. Heritage Cookbook Invite attendees to submit favorite family recipes- from their own family or one passed down from a distant ancestor. Ask them to include details on, memories of and a photo (when available) of the family member best known for the dish. The collected recipes can then be turned into a wonderful family cookbook. This also makes a great fundraising project for the following years reunion. Memory Lane Storytime A rare opportunity to hear interesting and funny stories about your family, a storytelling hour can really encourage family memories. If everyone agrees, have someone audiotape or videotape this session. Tour of the Past If your family reunion is held near where the family originated, then schedule a trip to the old family homestead, church or cemetery. You can use this as an opportunity to share family memories, or go a step further and recruit the clan to clean up the ancestral cemetery plots or research the family in old church records (be sure to schedule with the pastor in advance). This is a particularly special activity when many members are attending from out-of-town. Family History Skits and Reenactments Using stories from your own family history, have groups of attendees develop skits or plays that will retell the tales at your family reunion. You can even stage these reenactments at places that are of importance to your family such as homes, schools, churches, and parks (see Tour into the Past above). Non-actors can get into the fun by modeling vintage clothing or ancestral outfits. Oral History Odyssey Find someone with a video camera who is willing to interview members of the family. If the reunion is in honor of a special event (such as Grandma and Grandpas 50th Anniversary), ask people to talk about the guest(s) of honor. Or, ask questions on other select memories, such as growing up on the old homestead. Youll be surprised how differently people remember the same place or event. Memorabilia Table Set up a table for attendees to bring and display treasured family memorabilia- historic photos, military medals, old jewelry, family bibles, etc. Be sure all items are carefully labeled and the table is always hosted.

Computer Forensics - Case Portfolio Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computer Forensics - Portfolio - Case Study Example Digital evidences are regarded as different types of electronic information and are considered as vital proofs for evaluating any criminal incidence. This type of information is stored, received and shared by electronic devices. Digital evidences can exist in several formats such as text, graphics, audio and video among others. The digital evidence has been acquired when the electronic devices are seized. The digital evidence that has been found in the crime scene was WDD hard disk, USB flash drive, compact disk (CDs) and central processing units (CPUs) (see fig 1). Hard Disk. Hard disk is basically a read/write storage media which is used for collecting, storing, retrieving and accessing information. It is regarded as vital source of proof for the crime because the system files and other operating files are stored in hard disk. Hence, in order to investigate the crime conducted by Mr. Didit, the hard disk has been sized (see fig 2), as it probably provide certain valuable proof (Mukasey et al., 2008). CD. CD is regarded as the other important digital information source. It is basically a replicate of the original information and is used as permanent storage media. Thus, the information in CD is believed to be of highly important for Mr. Didit to be stored and thus, has been acquired for the purpose of digital evidence (see fig b3) (Mukasey et al., 2008). USB Flash Drive. USB flash drive is a small portable and high capacity electronic storage media. Unlike hard disk, USB drives connect to the computer through Universal Serial Bus port. USB flash drive has gained much popularity because of its storage capability and rapid access of data. The USB flash drive can also store information regarding any works and therefore regarded as valuable evidence for this criminal case (Mukasey et al., 2008). CPU. CPU is a case that contains electronic elements such as memory, processor and hard drive among

CLIMATE CHANGE AN OUTCOME OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS Essay

CLIMATE CHANGE AN OUTCOME OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS - Essay Example The Intergovernmental panel on climate change at the Kyoto protocol determined in 2007 that â€Å"most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations† [2]. Furthermore, based on the assumption that significant anthropogenic warming has taken place over the past 50 years over each continent except Antartica, it has been concluded that anthropogenic climate change is having a significant impact on physical and bilogical systems globally [3]. Climate change is occuring on all continents and in most oceans. Changes in the natural system since 1970 have been occuring where temperature increase has taken place. These changes cannot be explained by natural climate variations alone. This implies that climate change is primarily attributable to anthropogenic factors. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conclude that the earth is warming and tha t humans are probably the cause. Technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestraion have been found to be essential as species extinction has been found to be related to climate warming [4].

Key Challenges That Zen Practitioners Face in the West Essay Example for Free

Key Challenges That Zen Practitioners Face in the West Essay Zen is a specific form of Buddhism, which appeared in post-Heian period. Originally Zen became a hybrid of Indian Buddhism and Chinese Taoism and Confucianism. Zen is a Japanese name, which corresponds to Chinese Ch’an, Vietnamese Thien Buddhism or Korean S’on. All these kinds of Buddhism differ from each other but in the West they became confused and mixed together, forming one idea of Zen Buddhism. Generally, all Zen teaching is based on Buddhist scriptures, such as Perfection of Wisdom Sutras and Diamond Cutter Sutra. Zen tradition also appreciates the teaching of famous Zen masters of the past. Soto and Rinzai are two main schools of Zen Buddhism. In Soto school they pay special attention to the practice of Zazen of sitting meditation. This meditation consists of â€Å"doing nothing† sitting in the posture of lotus and making an attempt to stop thoughts. This is non-object meditation aiming to stop the activity of mind. Rinzai School makes stronger accent on the study of so called koans. Koans are short stories originating usually from the past which are used to pass the meaning of zen. Disciples of Rinzai School spend days and hours meditating on koans, trying to stop activity of mind and achieve the nature of Buddha. Both, Rinzai and Soto schools have practices of walking meditation. Zen is usually taught in Zen centers and monasteries. Zen tradition pays special attention to interaction between master and students. Teachers and students meet privately so that teacher can pass his experience directly to his students. Despite Soto and Rinzai schools have always being practiced separately in Japan; there is a tendency to combine these two schools into one in the West. There are two main ways of passing Zen traditions in the West (Seager). First of all there are Zen masters, who emigrate from China and Japan. These masters keep close to the original tradition of Zen Buddhism. At the same time non-Asian disciples, who popularize Zen in the west often pay much less attention to the traditions and philosophical elements of Zen. Western teachers of Zen make main emphasis on meditation practices and deemphasize rituals and customs of traditional Zen Buddhism. Soto school gives sixteen precepts of Zen way of life. These precepts are taking refuge in Buddha, Dharma and Sanga, following the first three precepts, not doing evil, doing only good and doing good for others, living according to ten grave precepts, which are not killing, not stealing, write sexual conduct, telling no lie, keeping always from drugs and drinking, not judging others, being generous and being not angry. All these precepts shape everyday ethical rules of Zen Buddhism. In addition, Zen, which is based on the principle of spontaneous action often, turns to calligraphy, archery, poetry and marital arts as additional means. (Wallace) During last decades Zen Buddhist movements have moved from monasteries and gradually have become everyday practice. This can be explained by the peculiarities of Western mentality, where people got used to combining religious practices and everyday life, while in Japan and other Asian countries practicing Zen Buddhism required moving away from lay life and living work and family. As states Allan Wallance, â€Å"as Zen has been assimilated into the West, the traditional ceremonial life of the Japanese temple, together with its linguistic and social customs, has gradually become marginalized. Few Western Zen followers have chosen to make the commitment of entering full-blown Zen monastic practice by taking monastic ordination, or tokudoâ€Å" (Wallance, 8). Western Zen has become supplemented with views from other Buddhism traditions. Most Western practitioners of Zen are lay people, who practice short meditation sessions every day and turn to intensive practice during so-called retreats. In Zen traditional retreats are called sesshins and they last from three to several months. At the same time tokudo, or Zen monastic movement became the founder of Buddhist Peace Fellowship. This organization if preoccupied with helping needy, poor and homeless.

Internet and Research Essay -- Analysis Research Internet Essays

Internet and Research According to The Disappearance of Technology, by Bruce and Hogan, â€Å"(technological) tools become commonplace. Each literacy technique goes from unfamiliar to familiar, from visible to invisible.† Proof of this can be seen through even just one person, as he begins life prior to the house-hold computer, and witnessed the changes as the Internet become main stream, and finally to his uses of technology today while attending law school. To begin a research analysis on Brian Petrano’s literacy eco system, one must first analyze the beginnings of his technological life. At his current age of 25, he has only been exposed to computers and the Internet for about fifteen years. Of course, this means his experience with computers coincides with the initial stages of the home computer evolution. While in his sophomore year of high school, he began to assist a librarian, Mrs. Rulon. She eventually exposed him to the potential of the Internet and its abilities as a resource, along with the capabilities of the computer beyond a simple word processor. This was the beginning of his technological life. â€Å"You can learn anything,† Brian discovered, â€Å"and the name they gave it is exactly right, it is a ‘web’ that can branch off on whatever you are researching.† From this point, Brian has been all consumed with the possibility of the World Wide Web as a research tool. For Brian, a composition tended to be a culmination of literary works found on the Internet. Especially now, he has little use for creating new works. On the contrary, he typically researches in-depthly and pulls together the most important aspects found, into one article with Brian’s tone. Through the years, he has seen himself grow from visiting the... ...ch, with the Internet as his main resource. Lately though, things have seemed to change. The Patriot Act has him worried about the freedom of computers and the Internet. â€Å"I appreciate it, because so far, it is not censored. The free market place of idea and thought is what this country is founded on. It may be our downfall, but is paramount, and so important.† In the end, Brian has complete respect and admiration for technology, specifically the Internet, and the ease it offers him. His life has come to depend on it as it grows before his eyes. The old days of card catalog technology seem even humorous to him, â€Å"I remember helping Mrs Rulon organize the card catalog and thinking, ‘there has to be a better way then this.’† There is, and in the future there we will probably look back at the Internet of today and laugh while wondering how we ever functioned with it.

American History X and Racism

American History X is a film with racism as its overarching theme. Specifically, the subject of the film focuses not on the phenomenon of racism as we know it, slavery and the Malcolm X period, but on its current trends namely the neo-Nazist, white supremacist movement of the 90’s. This paper is determined to present the overt connections between American History X and Racism, after which the discussion will present some pertinent scenes in the movie. These scenes are analyzed from a racial discrimination standpoint. Lastly, a personal reflection on the movie concludes the argumentations.The film’s treatment is like a stereo—going back and forth from the present and the flashbacks. In the same way, the major scenes will be presented here in a non-linear fashion. One of the most important scenes in this film is when the film explains why Derek is mad with minorities. The underlying reason for this hatred is when Derek’s dad is shot by a Black drug dealer. H aving felt this injustice and being helpless in expressing his anger, Derek was approached by Cameron. This scene is important in presenting racism as not existing in a vacuum.There are always reasons behind actions, that even the most bizarre or illogical of behaviors can be explained by specific past experiences. Racism is rooted in intolerance and hatred towards others. Hatred is a sowed seed and here we begin to understand that a racist perpetrator has his own reasons why he is behaving in such a way. The abuses of the Nazism in Germany—killing Jews, concentration camps, widespread hunting of people with Jewish descent—will not take place without an idea, or a good reason, that the majority of people would buy into. People would be foolish to just wake up one day and decide to decimate 6 million people.Ideas are powerful, because ideas turn into acceptance and acceptance turns into actions, actions become behavior and behavior changes into a cultural norm in the lo ng run. Ideas, moreover, are only powerful because people buy into them. This is why the scene at the grocery store with Koreans is important. The scene portrays the power of ideas and its ability to change people. Moreover, the speech of Derek at the store presents surprising parallelisms with the ideas that people bought into during the Nazi movement. In Derek’s speech, he said that Koreans are stealing the opportunities that are supposed to be for Americans.The illegal immigrants that work in America creates the joblessness of the Whites. In the same way, the Nazis of Germany argued that the Jewish refugees from a devastated nation came to Germany carrying nothing but they thrived there—owning businesses, banks, etc—and became powerful while a bulk of the German population are poor and unemployed. The grocery store scene shows just how potent a dangerous idea is. People want to follow a passionate leader. Racism became accepted because people tolerate the act and follow the dangerous norm. Similarly, people with strong moral convictions are also heard. The scene of Dr.Sweeney and Danny is significant because it shows how racism can be challenged, not through hostility, but with reason. Dialogue fosters understanding, or at least, it presents a different way of looking at things. Sweeney’s assignment makes Danny think outside the box—outside his personal stereotypes and values on racism. Sweeney challenges his ideas and in a way, becomes a counter-force to Danny’s predisposition towards racism. The anti-racism movement is laden with Sweeney types of people such as Luther King Jr. who took the non-violent path of reasoning in pointing to the evils of racism itself.Sweeney is the personification of the challenge against the neo-Nazist trend. His moral courage and convictions made people think and listen. Another important scene in the film is the presentation of Derek and his change of heart. This took place in prison, where racism is also a strong force that binds and separates inmates. In prison, Derek is still resolved in his racist convictions and he bonded with fellow racists, until he was befriended by a Black guy. His previous stereotypes regarding Blacks was challenged by the good-natured behavior of the black guy.It is essentially a realization that people of different colors are still people sharing a common humanity. When fellow racist inmates raped Derek for befriending a Black guy, he came to understand that goodness and evil are not just seen by the color of the skin. There is blackness of the heart even in the whitest of white, and a whiteness of the soul in the pitch black-colored person. Every act of kindness and every act of violence has its ripple effects beyond what a person can control. This is seen in the scenes following Derek’s return. Derek’s little brother Danny had taken where he left off.Now Danny took the same convictions as Derek by being adamantly into lerant of minorities. The small anti-Black movement that Derek started became a great massive force, and now that he had a deeper realization of the evil of racism, he sees that he is responsible for this. Undoing things are more difficult that doing them, especially when we do things mindlessly such as when we resort to hatred and violence. It is easy to sow seeds of violence because it spreads like wildfire, but sowing peace is like planting a seed that needs to be nurtured. Danny also had his turning point. His brother made him realize that racism is a useless thing.Blaming others for the death of one’s father does not solve the problem, it just makes it worse. He understood that violence will only be met with violence. The symbolic image of the brothers’ turning point is the cleaning up of their Nazi-decorated rooms. Writing the American History X paper also supports Danny’s non-violence approach towards the hostilities of the world. He writes â€Å"analyze and interpret† on the computer. Racism is phenomenal because not many people analyze and interpret before acting on something. In many cases, irrational and false interpretations create chaos.When there is no room for analysis, there is no opportunity for people to try and understand each other before rendering biased interpretations and actions. Racism presents to us that it is a very strong force, one that is rooted in hostility and intolerance. American History X depicts that degree of hostility and intolerance in the different cascading scenes of the past. When our small monsters of hostility become gigantic titans of racism, we are confronted by something intimidating. Derek’s solution is to run, leave the giant. Running from the problem of racism does not solve the fundamental personal and social issues.While running seems tempting, the reality of racism is still with us and it will never go away unless it is collectively confronted in modern-day America and ever ywhere else. Running is a temporary solution to a long-term problem. Derek runs with Danny, but eventually the giant catches on them—Danny is shot by the same guy he had a violent (although subtle) argument with the day before. What does the death of Danny imply? It tells us that violence, in all its forms and degrees, is foolishness, it is never a means to an end—thereby rendering racism not as a virtue, but as a moral evil.Racism is only one form of violence, just as making another human being bite the pavement is another. Unknowingly, many of us do not realize that violence exists both within us and also in our world. Violence does not just mean killing people, it also exists in intolerance over other people’s beliefs and skin color, it is harsh language spoken, it is a thought unspoken. Racism is not only seen but felt†¦ while America boasts of equality and human rights; racism is still seen and felt in its other subtle forms of violence. The path of no n-violence is a beautiful but difficult journey that we must all decide to take.I now end with the echoing words of Abraham Lincoln quoted during Danny’s death scene, his final words in the American History X paper†¦ â€Å"†We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearth-stone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. † Works Cited American History X. Dir. Tony Kaye. Perf. Edward Norton. New Line Cinema. 1998.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimers Disease - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2211 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Topics: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Traumatic head injury increases effect of Alzheimer disease which disrupts activity of neurotransmitters and electrical charges travel within cells. Alzheimer disease is characterized by synaptic loss and neuronal death with gross brain atrophy. Falls are common in older population which lead to prolong hospital stay and serious medical complications such as traumatic brain injury. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimers Disease" essay for you Create order Traumatic head injury cause brain tissue to swell which prevent fluids from leaving brain and broken pieces of skull can rupture blood vessels in head. Effect of traumatic brain injury is crucial due to the association of cognitive impairment, decrease motor function, and neuroinflammation with Alzheimers disease, especially in women with the APOE genotype. Reducing the onset with preventative measures including diet modification, physical activities, and continuous intellectual stimulation constituting a medical management and care plan. Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment role on the brain is critical to traumatic brain injury with Alzheimer disease. Brains immune cells play an important role in healing process, removal of dead, and damaged neurons which doesnt occur cause of the traumatic brain injury. Amnesia is memory loss and different types include retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. Retrograde amnesia hinders ability to retrieve memories that were already stored in brain and limited to period before head injury or before Alzheimer disease develops. Anterograde amnesia lose capacity to make new memories and present for events that occur or information that is present after brain injury or Alzheimer disease. Aphasia is impaired communication and apraxia is deficit involuntary motor skills. Neuroinflammation is cellular damage and loss of neuronal functions occurring when brain or spinal cord become inflamed cause by irritation and swelling of brain tissue or blood vessels. Brain swelling cause increased intracranial pressure (ICP) which prevent blood flow to brain and deprived it of oxygen need to function. Brain fog occurs due to decrease communication between neurons leading to damaged brain cells and brain decelerating. Inflammation cause deficits such as memory loss, decrease alertness, change in concentration and behavior, confusion, mood swings, and distortions in thought. Chronic cerebral inflammation associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines capable of mediating neural protection and regeneration. Traumatic brain injury follows by oxidative stress and hypoxia which stimulate microglia and astrocytes. Continuing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress occur in existence of brain damage and functional impairments (OBrien, 2015). Cognitive impairment is act of knowing, thinking, ability to choose, understand, remember information. Problems include attention and concentration, speech and language, learning and memory, problem-solving, decision-making, and judgment. First, unable to pay attention and concentration resulting in restless, distraction, difficulty working on more than one task at a time, problem carrying on long conversation or sitting still for long period of time. Second, problem with processing and understanding information slow down and result in taking longer to grasp what other say, more time to understand and follow direction, trouble following tv, take longer to read and interpret written information, slow to reaction such as driving, slow to carry out physical task like getting dress or cooking. Third, language and communication problems include difficulty thinking of right words, trouble starting or following conversation, rambling, misunderstanding jokes, difficult with more complex lang uage, trouble communicating thoughts and feelings using facial expression, tone of voice and body language, reading others emotions. Fourth, problem learning and remember new information that occur recently but remember information from long time ago. Fifth, problem with problem-solving, decision-making, and judgment include difficult recognizing problem, trouble analyzing information, or change way of thinking, difficult deciding best solution, and quick decision without thinking about consequences. Sixth, inappropriate, embarrassing or impulsive behavior occur with lack of self-control and self-awareness including denying cognitive problems, say hurtful or insensitive things, act out of place and behave in inconsiderate way and lack awareness of social boundaries and others feeling. Adrenal cortex produces the hormone cortisol and shows a high level in people affective by mild cognitive impairment (Battino, 2016 APOE Genotype The sex difference varies by APOE genotype which regulate aggregation and clearance in brain, neuronal signaling, and neuroinflammation. Traumatic brain injury reduce ability to repair and remodel synapses or protect neurons with APOE gene. Patient carrying APOE gene have high tau level, low cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and great brain atrophy particularly in hippocampal area cause loss in cortical thinness and hippocampal value leading to decrease cognitive performance. APOE-  µ4 gene more common in Alzheimer disease patient associated with increased risk for cerebral amyloid. Amyloid-related decline with presence of APOE- ? µ4 by assessing memory, cognitive, and executive function in participants with Alzheimer pathology and no pathology. (Donohue, 2014) Amyloid-b (A) peptides becomes accumulate and aggression causing injury to synapse and neurodegeneration. Microtubule-associated protein tau appear as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease brain caused by overproduction of A. Low level of gonadal sex hormones is associated with decline in neurogenesis with memory decline and executive function difficulties. Female sex-linked to decrease longitudinal cognitive, advance hippocampal atrophy, and lower cognitive testing. Women with APOE-  µ4 have more pronounced brain pathology than men showing more buildup of sticky plaques called amyloid beta protein. APOE-  µ4 in women cause worse performance, greater brain atrophy and lower brain metabolism due to higher level of biological markers. Women with low CSF have greater left hippocampal atrophy, quicker decline in memory, and function performance while women with higher CSF have decrease in function performance and advance right hippocampal atrophy (Koran, 2016). Estrogen important for hippocampal memory consolidation, hippocampal-dependent spatial navigation memory, object recognition, and object placement which decrease with age and associated with cognitive decline. Preventive Measure Diet modification, physical activities, intellectual stimulation to help decrease cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and increase motor function. Research has showed that wearing a seat belt while in an automobile can reduce injury from occurring during accidents. Secure rugs and loose electrical cord to minimize risk of tripping over them which could lead to falls. Brain cells critical for memory is lose as brain shrink with age, and large brain volume association include diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, nuts, fish, and low in sugary beverage. Diet modification include nutrition which is an environmental factor, and proper nutrition can change biomarker level. Decrease oxidation in the brain cause decrease deacetylase activity (Athanasopoulos, 2016). Vitamin D has neuroprotector properties such as antioxidative, calcium homeostasis, neurotrophic regulation and anti-inflammatory action which regulate DNA methylation and modulate gene expression leading to decrease risk for developing Alzheimer disease. Vitamins A, C, and E has antioxidant properties which can reduce abnormal histone acetylation modification. Vitamin A group include retinol, retinoic acid, and b-carotene which have beneficial effect on memory. Vitamin C group require for recycling ? ±-tocopherol radical which acts as a reducing agent and induces epigenetic changes to protect against Alzheimer disease. Vitamin E group include tocopherols and tocotrienols associated with decreased risk for Alzheimer disease. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce cognitive decline in ol der adults by increasing the specialized pro-resolving mediators produce by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Omega-3 fatty acids benefit heart and blood vessels, anti-inflammatory effects, and protect nerve cell membranes. Inflammation and cognitive decline can be physical reduced with alpha-lipoic acid, curcumin, fish oil, ginger, resveratrol, and spirulina. Physical activities help brain cells increase blood and oxygen flow in brain encouraging new cell growth which stimulate brains ability to maintain old connection as well as make new ones. Muscle, joints, balance, and heart help maintain higher level of functioning and reducing risk of falls. Adequate exercise reduces restlessness and prevent wandering and cognitive decline improve with supporting cardiac function. Improve sleeping habits by maintaining a good sleep-wake cycle and facilitate sound sleep at night. Walking shows improvement with memory and weight training show improvement in selective attention, memory, and conflict resolution. Yoga decrease blood pressure and decrease risk of cardiovascular which improve brain function and decrease risk of Alzheimer disease. Overall quality of life improves with yoga with increase processing speed, executive function, attention, memory, and mood. Stimulating Activities Certain stimulating activities can reduce risk of mild cognitive impairment and show improvement in complex thinking and memory skills by staying engage and alert while enjoying vigorous memory workout. People with APOE ? µ4 genotype engage in intellectual activities show reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment and higher cognitive reserve is associated with cerebrospinal biomarker. Reduce risk of mild cognitive impairment by playing brain games, reading, using computer, and social activities. Puzzles or sorting object use hand-eye coordination to exercise problem-solving ability and make sense of shapes to complete pictures which help maintain neural connection of brain. Game encouraging verbal articulation of ideas strengthen mental capacity through word related activities, mental exercises, or question by stimulating mind to sharpen cognitive awareness. Reading stimulate both memories and emotion and more neurobiological demanding require vision, language, and associate learni ng all connection. Tackling new technologies is a way to learn new things. Remain interested, active and engage in life by staying social will keep brain active. Learn something new to challenge mind and stimulate brain stem growth such as new language, musical instrument, and painting which provide novelty, complexity, and challenge by disrupting brains habit and routines. Artistic hobbies such as drawing, and paint keeps senses fine-tuned by work part of the brain that might not have been utilized in past. Music stimulates specific part of the brain and has power to stir memories and elicit emotion. Practice memorization by creating rhymes and patterns to strength memory connection. Practice the 5 Ws. Who, What, Where, When, and Why by observing and reporting to capture visual details to keep neurons firing. Things already know how to do, try in new ways to create new brain pathways such as eating or styling hair with non-dominant hand and placing watch on opposite wrist. Medical Management and Care Plan Medical management and care plan help communicate and organize action needed for individuals needs. Neurological examination includes blood test, spinal tap, nerve function, electroencephalogram (EEG), and imaging test CT scan and MRI. Cognitive evaluated by neuropsychologist since many factors affect how cognitive can be improve and challenging to predict recovery. Cognitive rehabilitation focus on remediation focus on improving skills that have been lost or impaired and compensate learning new ways to achieve goal. Speech therapist to identify areas that need work Treatment Medication cant stop the damage Alzheimer disease cause brain cell but can lessen or stabilize symptoms by affecting certain chemicals involving with brain nerve cells. Neuroinflammation treatment include controlling inflammation with immunosuppressant. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine to treat cognitive symptoms such as confusion, problem with thinking and reasoning, and memory loss. Cholinesterase inhibitors prevent breakdown of chemical called acetylcholine essential for learning, memory, and support communication among nerve cells by increasing acetylcholine. Memantine regulates activity of a chemical called glutamate improved mental function and ability to perform daily activities. Oxygen therapy provide oxygen to help blood have enough oxygen and reduce amount of swelling. PROG treatment shows improved long-term cognitive and motor outcome with decrease brain damage (OBrien, 2015). MW 151 treatment Selective proinflammatory cytokine prevent cognitive impairment (Bachstet ter, 2015). Cognitive rehabilitation focuses on remediation by developing skills that have been lost or impaired and compensate for learning new ways to achieve goal. Ventriculostomy by drilling small hole in skull to drain cerebrospinal fluid from inside brain. Surgery to remove part of skull to relieve intracranial pressure or repair damaged artery or vein. Care Plan Cognition-focused evaluation is a comprehensive and interview with family member to obtain description of current issue, accurate patient history, exams, medication, and medical. Functional assessment includes activities of daily living, decision-making capacity, evaluation of safety and advances care planning with palliative care. Reminiscing will help with long-term memories and intellectual activities to keep cognitive skills active. Early detection can assist with more time to prepare for future, better chance of treatment such as increased chance of participating in clinical drug trials, participate in decision about care, transportation, living option, financial, and legal matters. Evaluation of safety and advance care planning with palliative care. Plans to help improve different changes that are occurring in mind and body. Attention and concentration problems improved by decreasing distraction, focus on one task at a time, practice attention skills, and take breaks when tired. Problem with processing and understanding improved with placing full attention on trying to understand, more time to think about information, re-read information, and ask to repeat themselves. Language and communication improved with using gentle tone of voice, dont speak quickly, limit conversation to one person at a time. Problems learning and remembering new information improved by putting together a structured routine of daily task and activities, be organized, review and practice new information, well rested and reduce anxiety, learn memory aids such as memory notebooks, calendars, daily schedules, and daily task list. Problem with problem-solving, decision-making, and judgment include teaching organized approach such as step-by-step problem-solving strategy, define problems, possible solution, pros and cons of solutions, pick solution, and evaluate success of solution. Inappropriate, embarrassing or impulsive behavior include think ahead about situation, clear expectation for desirable behavior, plan and rehearse social interaction, verbal and non-verbal cues. Conclusion Alzheimer disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder which progressive due to traumatic brain injury. Effect of traumatic brain injury can be reduced by understanding neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, APOE genotype, and sex hormones. Diet modification. Physical activities improve blood flow to brain and stimulate nerve cells growth. Ongoing intellectual stimulation improves complex thinking, memory, communication, and interaction.